- Life in the vaults: In the 18th and 19th centuries, poor families and workers lived in cramped, damp vaults. Conditions were dire, with no sunlight, little ventilation, and overwhelming filth.
- Crime and vice: The vaults became a haven for criminals, smugglers, and brothels. Lawless activity thrived in the darkness, giving the area a dangerous reputation.
- Death and disease: With no sanitation and rampant poverty, disease had spread quite quickly. Many perished underground, their lives cut short in the suffocating environment of these hidden chambers.
- Closure and rediscovery: Sealed off by authorities in the 19th century, the vaults remained hidden for generations before being reopened in the 1980s, revealing the layers of Edinburgh’s forgotten past.